Abstract ] broadcast audio technology is not only a technology, but also an art, this paper explains the audio technology application in broadcasting, to obtain better sound effect by setting method is described in detail.

[ Key words ] sound; sound; sound effects processing

1, preface

Along with the digital technology in radio applications, program production and broadcasting system and gradually realize the digitization. Nowadays, people have been living in an almost full digital world, but the sound of the broadcast program quality is directly related to the sound effect, it is broadcast by the soul and life of the source. With the audience cultural accomplishment and artistic appreciation is ceaseless rise, on the radio show the sound quality is also a corresponding increase, so bright, clear, distinct, rounded fullness, wide range, harmonious fusion, tonic, a prominent sound, a beautiful sound, large dynamic range and high quality sound effects will become our audio technology workers in the pursuit of goals and responsibilities.

Sound effect is also evaluated the quality of the final standard of sound reinforcement system, we can use the " objective measurement" and" subjective acoustic evaluation" the two rulers to evaluate the acoustics. Excellent sound system sound effects should be soft and muddy, bass, treble tenor clear and powerful and barren, uniform distribution, uniformity, loudness is moderate, sound natural and pure, can express the appealing and realistic effects.

We know. People have heard is made up of three basic components, one is from the sound source direct sound, one is from the walls, ceiling and reflection to the early reflection sound, another is through repeated reflection and reach the voice, the third components in the sound source called remix. From the cessation of the sound source to the sound energy density attenuation 60dB required time known as "the reverberation time".

Usually broadcast sound quality, refers to the transmission, a processed audio signal fidelity. In a radio interview live or live for the same recording, the effect is sometimes just as one wishes, often can not meet the use requirements of news programs, they need the help of artificial reverberation and equipment to make up, and to use the reverb and other equipment. A good mix can be music in the best in show in front of people, this can be thought of as the spotlight all play to the screen the most important details. Was very excited audience to add a surprise.

2, audio technology application

When we got the recorded audio, and start the recording mix. Life, to be able to hear good music effect where there are many, such as we are more familiar with the music hall of Zhongshan music hall, Beijing hall, the Century Theatre, country chart music hall, theater, recency of use of the National Theatre, in these places to a concert let us enjoy very good acoustics effect. Such good results let us begin to pay close attention to the music room characteristics. Although these music hall with the appearance of differ in thousands of ways, but there are some common characteristics, namely: the concert halls have been carefully designed, in order to obtain a reasonable reverberation time. The music hall is relatively larger space, than we usually work life place mostly, the" space" is to serve as a reference for the relative volume. On the music hall stage, musicians perform behind and stage are relatively rigid reflector, in addition, the audience 's round the hall and the top, is designed with an irregular reflecting surface. Therefore, successful remixes, need reference and transplantation of these good characteristics of the effect of.

For example, in the" this is my country" mixing process, first we admitted vocals as direct sound. Selection effects processing, and original music together, we get the final result. Mixing time, considered the main factors are: volume balance, performing tension and dynamic control, timbre characteristic, acoustic fusion degree.

2.1 selection effect

We from the selection effects begin to work, open the last completed recording work in recording interface, interface blank position right click and add" effect track" (see Figure 1 ), in the plug-in, we chose the famous waves TureVerb plug-in, the same. Add an effect plug-in. I.e.: Nuendo own plugin. DoubleDelay", the results for the configuration choices become a stereo effect. TrueVerb is used to create similar music hall hall reverb sound reflection; Double Delay is used to control the delay amount, also let's choose music hall location parameter and musicians distance as well as the musicians performing stage reflector surface hardness degree.

Click on the vocal singing the track" e" position, the position of the plug in addition, select Add plugins, see figure 2. This operation is to click the mouse left Jianlai were.

Through several operations, we add several on vocals plugins. Included here," VogengoCurve EQ". This plugin is used to modify the selected timbre; Nuendo own I Dynamic on singing audio dynamic processing, the necessary compression processing; select the BBE Sonic Maximizer for proper sound incentive, the concert will be increased the loudness of the premise from the music through; select BlueTube Desser to reduce the concert recording as a result of the mouth and the microphone, relatively close, bring '.

2.2 TrueVerb set

Let us add reverb, activates the auxiliary send channel, and select out of position, the three auxiliary were sent to three different effects on the output. Then drag the said send size bar display. According to the computer the spacebar to play, until it is felt to have been coupled with the effect. Below TrueVerb setting.

Open the TrueVerb interface, the upper is about the reflection of sound image diagram. Is among the various parameters set, to call a Large Concerl Hall settings, this effect is big music hall, in Figure 3 the bottom left of the reverberation time according to the frequency variation characteristics, namely the figure 3 in 1 place, the high frequency of corresponding ＆#118alues do some decay, such as music hall, high frequency attenuation low frequency more than. In Figure 3, 3 is the ＆#118alue of acoustic reverberation time, in Rt60, the sound source sound to the energy attenuation of 60dB time length. This ＆#118alue corresponds to the environment in the music hall in about 34 is appropriate. Figure 3 4 position is a delay amount, reflect our position and distance between musicians. This ＆#118alue is more than 50ms. It will make people feel heavy shadow, 25-40ms in between. Our position is placed in the 8-1 4m, is also the seat of the distance between the 712 rows, the concert. Of course, it is again appropriate. This interface that several parameters are critical, with either a reverberation software, this is the need to relate to, some other parameter settings can be slowly by comparison. In particular, adjust good 3 and 4 under the direct sound. Mixing sound and the early reflection sound ratio, can achieve similar effects in dry music hall.

2.3 Double Delay settings

In the auxiliary transportation, we added a Double Delay, the effect is very interesting, when we want to create the atmosphere of music hall reverberation filter TrueVerb adjustment well, parameter setting the proper time, we increase the amount of reverberation, tend to give voice to the position from our distant location to send, like on the stage of the position far away from us. The effect is that we do not want to see, and we use the plug can effectively improve the effect. Appropriate increase in the number of Delay effects, such as during the concert, several nearby reflector to me

They offer reflections relative energies of some strong feelings, we see in Figure 4 shows that this is the 1 position Delay and original reverb relationship, this proportion in classical music and folk songs, and other forms of bel canto, a proportion that is not large, can not let the audience feel clear traces. In the 1 position, adjust 2 time-delay proportion, 3 Return of the image position, 4 return of the delay to control the depth of strength, from 1, can visually see the sketch. To increase this amount, we feel the music hall hearing depth increased, while the musician's position and not on the.

2.4 tone

We hope that in the final mix program. Singing with the band to form a good balance, and loudness can also harmonious fusion. In the mixed programming level, first of all need to do is to sound processing, such as: to noise, noise, EQ treatment to tooth sound and blasting sound, timbre incentive processing, noise threshold processing. Completion of this a series of processing. We went to the compression / expansion processing. In signal processing, the whole passage is serial mode

Come to. The whole passage in each processor to signal changes, into the next processor in the processor. So I need to remove the signal of the obvious defects, these defects including our recordings produced when flapping microphone sounds, and the exchange of sound. To attack the receiver, we generally by adding EQ plugins, the low cut, the high-pass filter will flutter microphone frequency basic remove clean. The general male than female voice frequency slightly low, bandpass frequency point can be selected at about 50 80Hz, loading time to listen carefully before and after loading the timbre differences, in does not change the timbre of the premise, as far as V the frequency setting high. At the same time we have sound in EQ near 2K appropriate for fundamental frequency octave audio gain promotion. In the high frequency 4K 6K, is the general voice frequency is relatively sensitive to the frequency, the segments were of relatively low energy, the band 's case, the frequency of appropriate ascension allows voice effectively from the band out from. The timbre change, moderately well, not to pursue the exaggerated effect.

2.5 dynamic process control

Loading EQ after treatment, we need a dynamic process control. General dynamic processing, used in the song, is the compression and threshold processing. In the compression process, common parameters as follows: Th rethold, R ERatio, compressed; when starting I Secretary Attack time and Release time release time. We use Nuendol with Dynamic plug-ins to achieve this function. Close ＆#118alue selected is not a fixed reference ＆#118alue. When a reference is set to our admission down signal size. Sound signal enrollment is bigger, the time ＆#118alue is relatively high, and the low number of. We have set up a temporary compression ratio of 2: 1, observed during playback compressor level display, we need in this state to determine the threshold, the ＆#118alue can be approximately in the singing level higher in the 20% area of work, figure 5 shows 4 position is the compressor working state, to be compression level volume through the display. The selected the ＆#118alue, to determine the compression ratio, as is often the case, we have to breath control is better, singing skills good actors, they sang the compression is relatively small, can be in 1.5: Bu 2: 1; and breath control ability of the singer, we set a higher compression ratio, the Russia in 3: 1-4: 1. In addition, the style of the song is our constant compression ratio is an important reference. Adjusting this parameter, used to determine the time, is also the starting time, the parameter setting for the compressor starts to work, to set up their own compression ＆#118alue of the time required. The smaller the ＆#118alue, we need less time. Too fast to this ＆#118alue is make us feel awkward. While this ＆#118alue if it is too large, will make the compression function weakened, even make our voice sound attenuation has been achieved when, also can not feel the compressor for the voice processing function. On vocals, our general setting ＆#118alue 1-50ms in between songs, more speed, tension is bigger, this ＆#118alue is smaller, and vice versa, the larger. For most of the concert, released / a ] Release time can be set to automatic state. This software can be based on audio content is automatically adjusted accordingly. Finish all the settings, need to compress after voice increases a gain, to compensate for the compressor working on level lowering effect. Adjust the back, put a few of overall parameters adjustment. Our basic principle is still listen to, rely on our own hearing judge adjusting processing parameters. Compression I } ＆#118alues too low, vocal timbre is too stuffy feeling; the compression ratio is too large. It will make people feel the whole dynamic is too small, the lack of change; and fast settling time, will let the sound machine

Feeling. The overall consideration of these, rely on our own hearing, compressor can mix good sound.

After that, we can increase the number of relatively minor dynamic processing, a noise gate, dental elimination, as well as actuators to our concert further adjustment and control. These details are personalized links, like a cook, the most basic water and salt is the way to figure out, relatively good learning. Our audio division on his ear to these judgments, is completely personalized.

2.6 balance volume

The last step, is the need for the concert and the band mixing volume, balance, so, finished mixing the basic operation. After the operation is finished, need to choose the menu file, set the output range, then the output ( see Figure 6, Figure 7 ). We need to do is to record, we output when choosing wav format, 44 1K sampling, 16bit, stereo format it. We are in a mixed time, one must pay attention to the link, must not allow voice overload, achieving the digital level of the OdB position, to give us the dynamic space. In the whole of the audio processing, mixing and not the final link, then there is also a need for a strip processing work needs to be done, known as Mastering. This treatment can let us in the hearing more audible and expressive. We have a dynamic space is behind the handle remains technically operational space.

In conclusion, broadcast audio technology is not only a technology, more of an art, it is the track assembly to become the ultimate music is one of the key steps.